The World Health Organization defines healthcare as “a health system that consists of all organizations, people, and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore, or maintain health. This includes efforts to influence determinants of health as well as more direct health-improving activities. A health system is, therefore, more than the pyramid of publicly owned facilities that deliver personal health services. It includes, for example, a mother caring for a sick child at home; private providers; behavior change programs; vector-control campaigns; health insurance organizations; occupational health and safety legislation.”

Healthcare is delivered in India through frameworks where each healthcare organization operates according to certain standards and with no interconnectivity to other healthcare services. Healthcare is often misconstrued to include primary medical care in the Indian rural context. Primary hospitals and other healthcare providers are only one part of an interrelated system that must work together to improve societal health.

An effective healthcare system includes the use of a “systems thinking” approach where interconnectivity with standardization completes the system. In a vast and populous country such as India, efforts of the state are found wanting due to inadequate human resources, shortage of funds, and an inability to reach the masses. The systems approach adopts a route that includes and promotes “efforts to influence determinants of health as well as more direct health-improving activities” through direct intervention and partners in progress.

Digital healthcare and telemedicine in rural India

Technology has emerged as a game-changer in bridging healthcare gaps in rural India. Telemedicine, mobile health (mHealth), and digital health records have made healthcare more accessible, especially in remote areas where specialist doctors are unavailable. Government initiatives like eSanjeevani have enabled thousands of rural patients to consult doctors virtually, reducing travel time and costs. Additionally, AI-driven diagnostics and mobile-based health monitoring solutions are helping to detect and manage diseases early, improving overall health outcomes.

Some key healthcare initiatives: A systems approach to healthcare

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). Realizing the need to adopt an integrated systems approach, the government launched the NHRM to address the needs of the large Indian rural population. The long-term goal of the NHRM is to assure a fully functional and decentralized health delivery system. It also aims to provide intersectional coordination among the determinants of health, such as education, nutrition, sanitation, water, social equality, and others.

These goals are set with a broad perspective that goes beyond mere healthcare to a system that includes a host of interventions, such as convergence of health and related programs at the village level and community interventions and others. The key features and benefits of the NHRM could be summarized as follows:

Mental health challenges in rural India

Mental health is an often-overlooked aspect of rural healthcare. In many villages, mental illness remains a stigma, and access to professional help is minimal. Depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders are common due to financial burdens, lack of social support, and uncertainty about the future. The government has launched initiatives such as the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) to integrate mental health services into primary healthcare. NGOs and grassroots organizations are also playing a crucial role in spreading awareness and offering counseling services, ensuring rural communities receive mental health support.

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

The population of children up through age six years as per the 2011 census was 158 million and growing. This human capital of the country needs to be nurtured, especially in rural areas, to make them productive for the times to come. As part of the government’s commitment to capacity building for this vulnerable section of the population, the ICDS Scheme was launched in 1975 with a focus on children (0–6 years), pregnant women, and lactating mothers. The scheme looks to address the challenges of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality besides providing preschool nonformal education.

As part of the implementation process of ICDS, the government started anganwadis: rural child care centers. A rural anganwadi center extends beyond the beneficiaries of ICDS and provides basic healthcare in a village and is an integral part of the public health care system. Anganwadis are managed by trained workers who are paid a monthly honorarium by the government. These workers are drawn from the local communities and further the government’s goal of increased social participation for enhanced self-care and self-reliance in health.

Several positive benefits of the ICDS program have been noticed. There has been a significant improvement in the mental and social development of all children irrespective of their gender. Studies have also documented improvements in birth weight and infant mortality of Indian children along with improved immunization and nutrition.

The role of community-based health insurance

One way to reduce the financial burden of healthcare on rural households is through community-based health insurance (CBHI). These programs allow communities to pool resources and provide financial coverage for medical expenses, preventing high out-of-pocket costs. Schemes such as Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) and Ayushman Bharat have already made significant progress in providing health coverage to millions of families. Expanding such initiatives and ensuring better awareness can safeguard vulnerable populations from falling into poverty due to medical expenses.

Data statistic: Burden of out-of-pocket expenditure

According to the National Health Accounts Report 2021, over 39% of India’s total health expenditure is paid out-of-pocket by individuals. This financial burden is particularly high in rural areas, where people often sell assets or take loans to afford medical care. Addressing this issue through improved public healthcare services and insurance schemes is critical to breaking the poverty-healthcare cycle.

Poverty and Healthcare: Cause and Effect

India’s rural health system is characterized by the absence of an efficient public health system. Public health facilities, provided by the central and state governments, deliver low-cost care, and are generally overcrowded. Poor households incur high health spending and bear a higher burden of diseases in the absence of resources and proper guidance. This results in rising spending on health and leads to high out-of-pocket expenditure, and catastrophic health spending, thereby increasing poverty. Being unable to access and afford healthcare as it exists, the effects lead to a vicious circle of poverty. The vision of the government is to adopt a systems approach where healthcare initiatives derive synergy from prevention and cure. This would include comprehensive integrated health services that integrate primary care as well as public health; policies and actions to address the link between health, external conditions, education, etc. This can be achieved by engaging and empowering communities through social participation that leads to enhanced self-care and self-reliance in health. For universal health coverage to be achieved, a shift is needed from health systems designed around diseases and institutions to health systems designed for the people, with people, and by the people. Thus, primary healthcare interventions designed with a systemic approach can result in better outcomes for rural communities and relieve them from the vicious cycle of poverty.

S M Sehgal Foundation: Promoting Local Participation and Sustainability

S M Sehgal Foundation (Sehgal Foundation), a rural development NGO in India, has been working to improve the health outcomes of rural communities of the country. One of its five main program areas focuses on Local Participation and Sustainability through which it creates awareness among the communities about important issues.

Sensitization and Awareness-Building for WASH Behavior Change

S M Sehgal Foundation, in partnership with CAWST (Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology) Canada, is working with the most-vulnerable rural population on WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) through a pilot project named “WASH for Healthy Homes” in the Vaishali district of Bihar. The project focuses on five hamlets of the poorest of the poor (daily wage laborers).

A situation analysis study among the most vulnerable 317 poorest families in Vaishali, Bihar, revealed that many do wash their hands with water or with water and soil, but not regularly. It was also observed that they often suffer from waterborne diseases such as diarrhea and typhoid. Sensitization and awareness-building sessions are thus aimed at improving WASH behavior. In every session, people are informed that most diseases occur due to not washing hands before cooking meals, before eating meals, and after the use of a toilet.

Lack of resources and knowledge are the major barriers to the poor state of handwashing practices. With the awareness-building sessions, the community understood the need for hand hygiene, and they started adopting those practices in their daily lives, however, they did not have enough money to build a proper handwashing station. Understanding this situation, the project team started promoting tippy-taps, the zero-cost solution for a handwashing station. These simple, low-cost and locally made systems for washing hands with running water with no hand touch motivate people to practice handwashing appropriately.

Positive changes are observed in the community through sensitization, awareness building, and recall. As people correct, be consistent and adopt continuous WASH behavior in their lives, better health outcomes will be achieved.

e-Poshan Kendra: Promoting A Healthy Lifestyle

S M Sehgal Foundation implemented a CSR-supported project initiative in Nuh, Haryana, in June 2021. The project included the setup of a Village Development Committee (VDC) in the project village to oversee the initiatives and sustain them for the future.

The panchayat choupal (community building) was in a dilapidated state and used as a garbage disposal site. The area was prone to the spreading of diseases like dengue, malaria, and others due to growing filth, and acted as a breeding ground for mosquitoes. In October 2021, the project team initiated the endeavor to transform this choupal into E-Poshan Kendra (E-nutrition center).

The project team mobilized the people by conducting a series of training, and door-to-door awareness sessions; the VDC and women’s group members also influenced the people. In January 2022, the choupal was transformed into E-Poshan Kendra. Solar panels were installed in the E-Poshan Kendra for a sustainable source of energy. Community women became keenly interested in the E-Poshan Kendra and started regularly attending the training sessions held there on nutrition and a balanced diet.

The project transformed the otherwise abandoned panchayat choupal into a wonderful meeting place in the village. Gradually the E-Poshan Kendra became a hub of information provision on good nutrition practices, sanitation, as well as on key government services. E-Poshan Kendra provides structured training to village women, and showcases thematic films and inspirational stories on sanitation and nutrition, and vaccination drives for village children were organized.

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The path to the country’s prosperity passes through the fields and barns of the villages.
~ Chaudhary Charan Singh, the fifth Prime Minister of India.

Agriculture remains the backbone of India, sustaining nearly 60 percent of the population. Yet Indian farmers continue to grapple with challenges such as unpredictable rainfall, groundwater depletion, and high electricity costs. According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), irrigation accounts for approximately 70 percent of India’s freshwater usage. Rising fuel prices and electricity shortages have only added to the struggle, making access to reliable water sources increasingly difficult. In recent years, solar water pumps have emerged as a sustainable and cost-effective solution, revolutionizing traditional farming practices and strengthening the resilience of the agricultural sector.

The necessity to enhance agriculture in India

India’s agricultural sector relies heavily on monsoon rains, leaving it vulnerable to climate change and unpredictable weather patterns. Nearly 86% of the country’s farmers are small and marginal, often struggling to access affordable irrigation solutions. Traditional diesel pumps are costly, unreliable, and harmful to the environment. Meanwhile, electric pumps depend on an inconsistent power supply, leading to excessive water consumption for irrigation. Advancing agriculture through modern, sustainable methods is essential to ensuring food security, improving farmer livelihoods, and driving economic growth in rural India.

The rise of solar water pumps in Indian agriculture

In response to growing concerns about energy consumption and climate change, solar water pumps have become increasingly popular. These pumps operate using photovoltaic panels that convert solar energy into electricity to power irrigation systems. Unlike conventional pumps, solar water pumps offer a reliable and environmentally friendly alternative, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and grid electricity.

Benefits of using solar water pumps for sustainable farming

The integration of solar water pumps in agriculture offers numerous advantages, particularly in terms of sustainability. Some of the key benefits include:

1. Lower Carbon Footprint

   Traditional irrigation pumps run on diesel or electricity, both of which contribute to carbon emissions and environmental pollution. In contrast, solar-powered pumps rely on renewable energy, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting eco-friendly farming.

2. Cost-Effectiveness and Financial Savings

   Farmers using diesel or electricity-powered pumps often face high operational costs due to fluctuating fuel prices and power tariffs. Solar water pumps eliminate these expenses, offering long-term financial relief and improving profitability.

3. Expanded Access to Irrigation

   In many remote areas of India, an unreliable electricity supply limits farmers’ ability to irrigate their fields. Because solar water pumps operate independently of the power grid, they enable year-round irrigation, improving crop yields and overall agricultural productivity.

4. Water Conservation and Efficiency

   When integrated with drip or sprinkler irrigation systems, solar pumps help optimize water use and minimize wastage. This is especially crucial in regions struggling with water scarcity and declining groundwater levels.

5. Minimal Maintenance and Long Lifespan

   Unlike diesel pumps, which require frequent repairs and maintenance, solar water pumps have fewer mechanical components and a longer operational life. This ensures more reliable irrigation with minimal upkeep.

6. Resilience to Climate Change

   Erratic monsoons and unpredictable weather patterns make it difficult for farmers to rely solely on rain-fed irrigation. Solar-powered pumps provide a stable, sustainable water supply, ensuring consistent access to irrigation regardless of seasonal variations.

Challenges in adopting solar water pumps and the role of S M Sehgal Foundation

Despite their many advantages, solar water pumps remain underutilized by farmers, largely due to a lack of awareness, high upfront costs, and unfamiliarity with new technology. Rural farmers often need guidance on installation, maintenance, and how to maximize the benefits of solar-powered irrigation.

This is where leading rural development NGOs like S M Sehgal Foundation play a vital role. The foundation collaborates with corporations to support farming communities and introduce sustainable agricultural practices, including solar water pumps. Through capacity-building programs, awareness campaigns, and hands-on training, the foundation helps farmers recognize the long-term benefits of this technology. It also facilitates access to government subsidies and financial assistance, ensuring a smoother and more affordable transition to solar-powered irrigation.

Conclusion

The adoption of solar water pumps in Indian agriculture marks a significant step towards sustainable and self-reliant farming. By reducing dependence on fossil fuels, minimizing operational costs, and ensuring efficient water management, these pumps offer a promising solution to the challenges faced by farmers. However, the journey towards widespread adoption requires strong support from government policies, financial institutions, and rural development organizations. With the intervention of NGOs like S M Sehgal Foundation, farmers can be empowered to embrace this transformative technology, leading to enhanced agricultural productivity, economic stability, and environmental sustainability.

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Every drop of water saved today will shape the future of generations to come.
~ Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Water scarcity is a harsh reality for millions of Indians. Nearly 65 percent of the country’s population depends on agriculture, and groundwater serves as the lifeblood of the rural economy. However, over-extraction and erratic monsoons have led to alarming depletion. According to the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), India has already used nearly 80 percent of its groundwater, and more than 256 districts face critical shortages.

Today, borewells run dry, fields wither, and farmers struggle to sustain their livelihoods. Industrial expansion and urbanization have further exacerbated the crisis, while unsustainable farming practices and climate change add to the pressure. If urgent action is not taken, India could face a severe water crisis by 2030—one that threatens not only food security but also economic stability.

But there is hope. Check dams and groundwater recharge systems offer a powerful, natural solution. These cost-effective methods help replenish aquifers, revive ecosystems, and secure agriculture for future generations. The time to act is now.

What are check dams and groundwater recharge?

Check dams are among the most-common, water-conservation structures. Built across seasonal streams and natural drainage channels, they slow the flow of water and capture runoff. This process allows more water to percolate into the ground, replenishing underground aquifers. Without these structures, rainwater quickly flows downstream and is lost.

Accumulated run-off increases groundwater recharge and surface water to enhance percolation into underground aquifers. Methods include check dams, percolation tanks, recharge wells, and contour bunding. These structures trap rainwater and slow its movement, ensuring groundwater levels improve over time.

How are check dams a natural solution to groundwater depletion?

Check dams directly address groundwater depletion. Their benefits include:

Increased water retention and recharge

Check dams slow water flow, allowing it to seep into the soil. This significantly boosts water availability in nearby wells and borewells. Farmers and communities benefit from improved irrigation and drinking water supplies.

Prevention of soil erosion and land degradation

Heavy rainfall runoff often washes away fertile topsoil. Check dams reduce water velocity, allowing sediment to settle. This also prevents erosion and preserves soil fertility. Farmers benefit from sustained land productivity.

Restoration of dried-up wells and ponds

In many regions, check dams have revived dry borewells and ponds. Villages once struggling with water scarcity now enjoy steady groundwater availability. Agriculture and household water needs are met more reliably.

Enhancing agricultural productivity

With reliable water access, farmers can adopt multi-cropping and grow water-intensive crops in moderation. They become less dependent on unpredictable monsoons. This leads to higher yields, better incomes, change in land use and improved livelihoods.

Reviving local ecosystems

Water conservation benefits the environment. Check dams rejuvenate flora, fauna, and biodiversity. Drought-prone areas see greenery return and microclimates improve. At the same time water logging here and there causing vector breeding is also reduced.

Farmers X leading NGOs

Large-scale water conservation requires government support, but farmers play a crucial role in the process. Small check dams, rainwater harvesting, and water-retaining vegetation are effective tools for reversing water depletion. Across Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh, numerous examples demonstrate how farmers have successfully transformed water security in their communities. By constructing check dams and implementing watershed management techniques, they have revitalized drylands, turning them into productive fields. These efforts have not only improved agricultural yields but have also brought renewed hope to rural communities.

Farmers’ efforts make a difference, but NGOs can scale solutions for long-term impact. S M Sehgal Foundation leads water conservation projects and empowers rural communities through scientific planning, technical expertise, and resource mobilization.

Khohar checkdam, Rajasthan

Khohar village in Rajasthan’s Alwar district faces severe water scarcity. The village has 150 households and 890 people. Since 2016, groundwater has rapidly declined, with borewell depths reaching 1000–1200 feet. Uncontrolled rainwater runoff was damaging farmland and did not recharge groundwater. S M Sehgal Foundation, with support from the Mosaic Company Foundation, built a check dam to solve this issue.

Khohar lies at the foothills of the Aravallis and has great potential for rainwater harvesting. But without proper storage structures, most rainwater was wasted. In consultation with villagers, the foundation team started work in July 2014. The check dam is 185 meters long and 3 meters high, holding 320 million liters of water annually. Now water seeps into the ground within 48 hours, to address groundwater depletion. In addition, nallah bunds, loose stone structures, and recharge wells also help in water and soil conservation.

According to an internal study, the check dam has transformed farming. Wheat cultivation increased from 11 Ha in 2004 to 73 Ha in 2018. Fallow land in Rabi season decreased from 74 Ha to 42 Ha by 2014. Farmers switched from jowar to cotton in kharif and from mustard to wheat in rabi. However, growing water-intensive crops needs careful water management.

This check dam project has improved groundwater, boosted farming, and increased food security. It stands as a successful model for sustainable water management in India. With more such projects, villages across India can overcome water shortages and ensure a better future.

A sustainable future begins now

Water conservation is an urgent responsibility, and India must embrace sustainable solutions such as check dams and groundwater recharge to meet the growing water demands. Meaningful change begins with collective action. Farmers take the first step by adopting water-saving practices, while NGOs provide technical expertise and guidance. Policymakers play a crucial role in supporting large-scale implementation.

Check dams have already proven effective in several states, improving water availability and benefiting local communities. Now is the time to scale up these efforts and expand their impact across the country.

As Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam said, “Let us act now, conserve water, and build a water-secure India.”

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“Education is the key to unlocking the golden door of freedom and empowerment for rural India.”
~ Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

As education is increasingly driven by technology, digital libraries have emerged as a transformative tool, especially in rural areas. According to a recent report by UNESCO, over 244 million children worldwide remain out of school due to rural regions that face the brunt of the digital divide. In a country such as India, where 65 percent of the population resides in rural areas, lack of quality education significantly hampers overall progress of the country. Digital libraries play an enormous role in bridging this education gap by bringing advanced learning tools to the doorstep of rural communities, nurturing young minds with skills that empower them for a brighter tomorrow.

Along with access to knowledge, digital libraries ignite curiosity, foster creativity, and cultivate life skills among students in remote villages, for whom, this lifeline to a world of opportunity ensures that no dream is too far-fetched.

What is a digital library?

A digital library is a repository of digital learning resources accessible through digital devices like computers, tablets, and smartphones. Unlike traditional libraries, digital libraries promote e-learning by providing e-books, interactive videos on diverse subjects, general knowledge, quizzes, and simulations that make learning effective and fun.

Key features of digital libraries include:

For rural children, digital libraries are an opportunity to explore, learn, and grow beyond the constraints of their environment.

Importance of digital libraries, especially in rural areas

The role of digital libraries in rural education extends far beyond academic learning. Digital libraries address critical challenges faced by rural schools, such as the lack of trained teachers, limited access to textbooks, and outdated curricula. By introducing technology into the learning process, digital libraries:

What are some of the critical skills students develop with the help of digital libraries?

A few skills that students acquire through digital libraries are:

How a digital library helped Shalu turn her curiosity into achievement!

Shalu, a student of class 11, Government Senior Secondary School, Indergarh, Rajasthan, manages household responsibilities and three siblings with her mother in their farming family. Shalu’s educational and career aspirations seemed limited until her school introduced a digital library by partnering with a leading rural development NGO in India, S M Sehgal Foundation.

The digital library, located within the school, provided training in digital and life skills, covering essential topics such as computer usage, mobile applications, and the benefits and risks of using digital tools. Shalu, known for her curious nature, was particularly drawn to mobile applications and their development.

Her determination bore fruit in December 2024 when she participated in the Rajasthan Yuva Mahotsav, a prestigious government-organised event. Leveraging the knowledge gained from the digital library, Shalu crafted an impressive presentation on mobile applications, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Competing at the block level, her presentation earned her first place and a shield, qualifying her for the district-level competition.

Encouraged by her success, Shalu set her sights on refining her model further, aiming for victories in state and national contests. Her journey exemplifies the transformative power of digital libraries, showing how they can unlock potential and inspire achievement in young minds.

How can NGOs encourage education, skills, and training in rural India?

With decades of experience in sustainable development, NGOs such as S M Sehgal Foundation play a critical role in bringing digital libraries to rural areas. Besides introducing innovative educational tools, the foundation has ensured the tools’ effective implementation through community engagement.

The impact of these initiatives is far-reaching, resulting in…

S M Sehgal Foundation has reached more than 5.27 million people across thirteen states so far, proving that when technology meets vision, transformation is inevitable!

Conclusion

Shalu’s journey from a curious learner to an award-winning presenter is a testament to the power of digital libraries in reshaping rural education. These libraries equip children with academic knowledge and foster critical skills that prepare them for a better life. With the continued efforts of organisations such as S M Sehgal Foundation, the dream of an educated, empowered rural India can become a reality.

The question remains: How can we collectively ensure that more children like Shalu have access to these life-changing opportunities?

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Introduction

“Water is life, but access to clean and safe water is a fundamental human right.”
– former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan

Even though the people possess the fundamental right to water in Article 47 of the Constitution of India, millions in India, especially in rural areas, lack access to safe and consumable water. Down to Earth reports that over 163 million people in India consume contaminated water, which leads to waterborne diseases such as cholera and diarrhea. This exacerbates the already critical issue of clean water scarcity across the country.

Water pollution is very common in rural India. In addition, very few good water purification systems or infrastructures are in place to provide safe drinking water. This leaves millions of people vulnerable to health risks while depending on unsafe water sources for their daily needs. This can result in serious health issues.

According to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the desired drinking water standard for total dissolved solids (TDS) is 500 mg/l. If no other water source is available, water with a TDS level up to 2,000 mg/l can still be used. But in many areas of rural India, this content is much higher, making the water unsafe and harmful.

This blog addresses why safe drinking water is so important and describes the challenges that rural India faces.

Importance of Safe Drinking Water in Rural India

“We are witnessing the role of safe drinking water in saving lives, empowering women and girls, and contributing to ease of living.”
—Dr V K Paul, NITI Aayog

More than 700 million people reside across about 1.42 million villages in fifteen different ecological zones in rural India. Though lots of efforts are made to make clean water more easily accessible, many rural areas still struggle with issues related to contaminated water. This causes health problems as well as a heavy financial burden to families.

Health concern

Waterborne diseases like diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid are prevalent in rural communities that lack clean water and sanitation, resulting in reduced overall well-being of the population.

Economic burden

Poor water quality can create an enormous economic burden by causing frequent medical expenses, reduced work efficiency due to illness, and forcing communities to invest in alternative water sources or purification systems. Research by Russ, et al., (2022) highlights the significant economic impact of water pollution, showing that heavily polluted rivers can reduce downstream economic growth by 1.4-2.5 percent, depending on the development level of the region and the severity of the pollution.

Empowering Women and Children

Safe and reliable water changes the lives in rural areas, especially for women and girls who usually have to walk long distances to fetch water. This takes time and energy, and often keeps girls out of school. The 2019 Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) initiative of the Government of India, aimed to install a working tap-water connection in every rural household. A big part of JJM is having women involved in managing water. The mission requires that at least one-third of the Village Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC) members be women. This way, they can help make decisions about their water supply.

Community-Led Solutions: The Jal Minar Story

A heartwarming story from Chhata, Mathura in Uttar Pradesh:

S M Sehgal Foundation launched the HDFC Bank Parivartan project to help fifteen villages in this area. The main goal is to solve the problem of unsafe drinking water.

This project is to empower local folks, especially women, to manage their own water systems by using smart solutions and involving the entire community. Because of this initiative, people in the community now have better access to clean water, which has led to healthier lives and even new job opportunities for the community.

Overall, this effort illustrates the power of a community that comes together to make a change.

Women-led Water Users Group (WUG) initiative

The Women-led Water Users Group (WUG) in Chhata, Mathura, is an example of how coming together makes things better. Recognizing that safe drinking water was hard to find, twenty-two community members, mostly women, joined together and started WUG to help improve water access and quality in their village. The women took the lead in addressing the water crisis, identifying contamination and high TDS levels as major concerns. Working together, they initiated the development of the Jal Minar, a community water tower that would provide clean water to all.

This group led by women made it easier for people to get water and also helped the community grow and do better overall. When women take charge, everyone benefits.

Solar-powered reverse osmosis (RO) system as a sustainable solution

The initial filter installed at the Jal Minar in Chhata, Mathura, was highly important in providing clean drinking water. However, this filter turned out to be ineffective in filtering out the high total dissolved solid (TDS) levels present in the water, which was much more than the recommended limit of 500 mg/L.

The Women-led Water Users Group (WUG) didn’t give up on making needed improvements. They took action in November 2023 to set up a solar-powered RO system at the Jal Minar with help from the project team. Now they have clean water available all the time, which further empowered the women in the group.

Enhanced financial conditions of the community

WUG initiatives not only improved the water crisis in the community but also helped them financially as well. At a cost of Rs 5 for 20 liters, Rs 3 for 10 liters, and Rs 2 for 5 liters, water is affordable for everyone, while also becoming a source of income for women in the community. These women make about Rs 4,000–5,000 a month from this project. They cover all their costs and save some for repairs and maintenance. The success of the micro-enterprise model has helped with water shortages and given these women financial independence, which is good for the whole community.

Conclusion

The story of Chhata in Mathura is inspiring. The HDFC Bank Parivartan project shows what local people can do when they team up. By focusing on helping women, they are dealing with tough issues like water shortages and health problems. Unsafe water can be really dangerous. We need to act fast across all of rural India to address this crisis with similar smart ideas and community support to get safe water to everyone!

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Introduction

Wheat farming is a cornerstone of India’s agricultural landscape, vital for the economy and the livelihoods of millions of farmers. However, traditional farming methods, particularly the intensive tilling process, have begun to show their limitations. As agricultural practices evolve, innovative methods are quietly transforming wheat farming, offering new opportunities for sustainability and growth. In the Mau Aima block of Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, farmers are embracing these changes, learning about wheat sowing with zero tillage. This shift is part of the Bolstering Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) project, supported by the Walmart Foundation and implemented by the S M Sehgal Foundation in Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka. The project aims to introduce modern farming techniques to FPOs, helping small and marginal farmers increase their profits and build resilience to climate change.

Understanding Zero Tillage in Wheat Farming?

Zero tillage is a sustainable farming technique that eliminates the need for traditional wheat cultivation practices, which often involve multiple tilling operations for land preparation. Traditionally, the land is ploughed using a rotavator to loosen the soil structure, followed by manual broadcasting of wheat seeds. An additional round of ploughing ensures proper seed-to-soil contact necessary for germination. However, this intensive tilling method negatively impacts soil health, reduces moisture retention, increases cultivation costs, and leads to lower crop yields, making it unsustainable in the long run.

In contrast, zero tillage allows farmers to sow wheat seeds directly into unploughed soil while leaving crop residues from the previous harvest undisturbed on the surface. This approach eliminates the need for extensive machinery and labor, offering benefits for both the soil and the environment. Specialized zero tillage machines or adapted tools are used to plant seeds directly, promoting sustainability and resource efficiency.

Benefits of Zero Tillage for Indian Farmers

Adopting zero tillage offers numerous advantages for small and marginal farmers, particularly in water-scarce areas offering sustainability and profitability. Here are the key benefits:

• 1. Reduced cultivation cost

  Traditional tilling requires several passes of machinery, which increases fuel costs and labour. Studies show that zero tillage reduces the production cost by 20%. Zero tillage eliminates the need for ploughing, reducing both equipment costs and labour expenses.

• 2. Improved soil health and fertility

  By leaving the soil undisturbed, zero tillage promotes the accumulation of organic matter, which improves soil structure, fertility, and moisture retention. This is especially crucial for sustainable farming in India’s diverse climates.

• 3. Water Conservation

  Zero tillage helps conserve water by minimizing soil evaporation. According to ResearchGate this method can save up to 15-20% of water required for irrigation.

• 4. Higher Crop Yields

  By preventing erosion and improving soil health, zero tillage contributes to higher crop yields, ensuring greater productivity for farmers.

• 5. Better Nutrient Absorption

  Zero tillage encourages the accumulation of organic matter, which enhances the soil’s ability to absorb and retain vital nutrients, further boosting crop growth.

Tackling soil health depletion with zero tillage: Women leading the way

The Allahabad Bovine Farmer Producer Company (FPC), based in Phaphamau town, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, has emerged as a pioneer in addressing soil health challenges through innovative farming techniques. Registered with the Registrar of Companies in Kanpur, this FPC is a shining example of women’s leadership in agriculture, with 90 percent of its shareholders being women.

Established in November 2021, the FPC began with 304 shareholders. With support from the Bolstering Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) project, an additional 56 women farmers joined the organization, strengthening its network. This transformative shift not only underscores the potential of sustainable farming but also highlights the vital role of women in driving agricultural innovation. The Allahabad Bovine FPC played a pivotal role in this transition. With 90% of its shareholders being women, the FPC empowered members to adopt innovative practices. Zero tillage is now more than a technique, it represents a sustainable future for Indian agriculture, fostering resilience and profitability for farmers.

Overcoming Challenges in Transitioning to Zero Tillage

The shift to zero tillage, despite its clear advantages, was not without hurdles for farmers entrenched in traditional practices. In areas like Mau Aima, where conventional tilling methods have been followed for generations, adopting this innovative farming technique required a profound shift in both mindset and routine.

The Bolstering Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) project, backed by the Walmart Foundation, played a significant role in addressing these challenges. Through practical training, access to specialized zero tillage machines, and consistent support, the project empowered small and marginal farmers to embrace this sustainable method. Efforts like farmer meetings and door-to-door outreach helped build awareness about the benefits of zero tillage, gradually fostering acceptance within the farming community.

Under zero tillage, seeds are sown directly into unploughed soil, leaving crop residues undisturbed on the surface. To facilitate this transition, the Allahabad Bovine FPC established a Custom Hiring Center, equipping farmers with essential machinery, including zero tillage equipment. Despite initial scepticism, farmers like Sameem Fatima led by example, demonstrating successful results that inspired others to follow suit.

These initiatives have not only accelerated the adoption of zero tillage but have also laid a foundation for sustainable farming practices, boosting soil health, crop productivity, and agricultural resilience.

Sameem Fatima’s Success Story: A Farmer Who Paved the Way

Through collaborative efforts and knowledge-sharing initiatives, 60 percent of the members of Allahabad Bovine FPC have adopted the zero tillage method for wheat cultivation, a practice that will stay with the farmers. A total of 381.65 acres by 184 farmers have been covered under zero tillage.

This powerful shift in farming practices will continue to transform lives, paving the way for future generations.

Conclusion: The Future of Zero Tillage in Wheat Farming

The benefits of zero tillage farming extend far beyond cost savings and increased yields. This method also promotes environmental sustainability by reducing soil erosion, improving water retention, and minimizing the carbon footprint associated with traditional tilling methods.

As more farmers like Sameem Fatima share their success stories, the practice of zero tillage is likely to continue spreading. It is a promising solution to the challenges posed by climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation in India’s wheat farming sector.

Zero tillage is a transformative farming practice that has the potential to revolutionize wheat cultivation in India. By reducing costs, conserving water, and improving soil health, this method offers a sustainable path forward for farmers. With the support of initiatives like the Bolstering FPOs project, more farmers are adopting zero tillage, leading to a more sustainable future for Indian agriculture.

Ready to embrace sustainable farming practices? Learn more about how zero tillage can transform your farming operations by exploring this blog on innovative agricultural techniques for improving soil health.

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Introduction

Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy, providing livelihoods to millions while shaping the nation’s food security. However, farming practices often come with challenges, and one critical issue is the management of crop residue. Crop residue management, which involves the handling of leftover stalks and stubble after harvesting, is pivotal for maintaining soil health and ensuring sustainable farming.

Burning crop residue, while efficient and cost-effective, significantly contributes to air pollution. This practice worsens pollution levels, harming air quality and soil health. Its detrimental effects go beyond environmental damage as they also threaten public health and long-term agricultural productivity.

This blog explores the pressing challenges of crop residue burning and highlights sustainable solutions that not only benefit the environment but also empower farmers. By adopting innovative practices like those pioneered by the S M Sehgal Foundation, farmers can transform agricultural waste into a resource, creating a win-win for both their fields and the planet.

Understanding the Problem: Crop Residue Burning

Crop residue refers to the plant material left behind in fields after harvest, such as stalks, straw, and leaves. In agriculture, this residue can serve multiple purposes, including improving soil fertility, preventing erosion, and acting as organic matter to enrich the soil. However, its potential benefits are often overlooked when farmers opt for quicker disposal methods, such as burning.

In northern India, particularly in Punjab and Haryana, burning crop residue has become a common practice due to the tight schedule between the rice harvest and wheat planting. Farmers typically have only two to three weeks to prepare their fields for the next crop cycle, leaving little room for more time-intensive residue management techniques. For many, burning the stubble is the most economical and convenient way to clear fields, as it requires minimal labor and costs.

However, this practice comes with significant environmental and health costs. Stubble burning releases massive amounts of pollutants, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), into the atmosphere. These emissions play a major role in the deteriorating air quality across northern India. During October and November, the practice becomes a significant contributor to the dense smog and hazardous pollution levels in Delhi and surrounding regions.

Poor air quality poses severe health risks, including respiratory illnesses, heart conditions, and reduced immunity, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Moreover, the loss of organic material due to burning deprives the soil of nutrients, negatively affecting its long-term productivity.

Addressing this issue requires a shift towards sustainable and farmer-friendly solutions that balance agricultural needs with environmental responsibility.

Environmental sustainability through crop residue management

Environmental sustainability in agriculture refers to farming practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This includes protecting natural resources, reducing pollution, and maintaining soil health, all of which are essential for long-term agricultural productivity. By adopting sustainable practices, such as effective crop residue management, farmers can strike a balance between meeting their immediate agricultural needs and ensuring the preservation of the environment for future generations.

Sustainable farming practices are crucial for the future of agriculture. Prioritizing soil health, reducing reliance on chemical inputs, and minimizing environmental harm help ensure that land remains fertile and productive for years to come. Crop residue management is an essential practice in this regard, as it contributes to maintaining soil quality and reducing the environmental impact of farming. The need to find alternatives to crop residue burning is more pressing than ever. As climate change intensifies and pollution levels rise, the environmental costs of residue burning are becoming increasingly unsustainable. Farmers need practical, cost-effective solutions that not only support their livelihoods but also promote the health of the land they cultivate.

Adopting efficient crop residue management practices offers a range of environmental benefits. These include enhancing soil health by boosting microbial activity and improving soil structure, which supports long-term fertility. Water conservation is another significant benefit, as efficient management helps improve water retention and reduces evaporation rates, making better use of available water. Additionally, these practices contribute to carbon sequestration by increasing organic carbon levels in the soil, which helps mitigate climate change. Efficient crop residue management also promotes biodiversity by encouraging diverse plant and soil life, which is critical for maintaining ecological balance. Erosion control is another key advantage, as it helps reduce soil erosion by protecting the topsoil layer, ensuring the preservation of land for future farming. Lastly, nutrient recycling through crop residue management facilitates decomposition, returning essential nutrients to the soil and further supporting healthy crop growth. By integrating these sustainable practices, farmers can enhance both their agricultural productivity and environmental stewardship.

S M Sehgal Foundation’s initiative for sustainable crop residue management

In response to the growing concerns surrounding crop residue burning, the S M Sehgal Foundation launched a CSR-supported project in 2021 to help farmers adopt more sustainable practices. The initiative aims to address the environmental and agricultural challenges posed by crop residue burning in northern India, focusing on building farmer capacities and promoting scalable solutions.

The goals of the initiative are:

• 1. Build Farmer Capacities

  Equip small and marginal farmers across rural India with the knowledge and tools needed to manage crop residue effectively and sustainably.

• 2. Develop Scalable and Replicable Models

  Create models that can be replicated across various regions, ensuring that sustainable crop residue management practices become widely adopted.

3 key activities under this project:

• 1. Sensitising Farmers About Soil Health

  Through workshops and demonstrations, farmers are educated on the importance of maintaining soil health and organic content. This helps them understand the long-term benefits of crop residue management for their farms.

• 2. Establishing Village Development Committees (VDCs) and Women Leadership Schools (WLS)

  These platforms empower local communities by creating leadership opportunities and spreading knowledge about sustainable farming practices.

• 3. Promoting the Use of Super Seeder Machines

  The initiative encourages the adoption of super seeder machines, which allow farmers to efficiently incorporate crop residues into the soil, reducing the need for burning and improving soil health.

By focusing on education, empowerment, and innovative technologies, this project is helping farmers transition to more sustainable practices that benefit both their livelihoods and the environment.

How super seeder machines support sustainable crop residue management

Super seeder machines are revolutionizing crop residue management by offering an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to burning. These machines work by directly incorporating crop residues into the soil while simultaneously sowing the next crop, such as wheat, without disturbing the soil. The key advantage of using a super seeder is its ability to manage large amounts of crop residue efficiently, reducing the need for burning. This process not only helps preserve soil health by adding organic matter but also enhances moisture retention and nutrient availability, improving overall soil fertility.

For farmers, super seeder machines present both economic and environmental benefits. While the initial cost of the machine can be significant, the long-term gains are substantial. Farmers experience increased crop yields due to healthier soil, which translates into higher incomes. Additionally, by reducing the costs and environmental damage associated with burning, farmers can achieve sustainable, cost-effective residue management. By promoting the use of super seeders, farmers not only enhance their productivity but also pave the way for the broader benefits of sustainable crop residue management, which supports both soil health and environmental sustainability.

The results

Over the past two years, more than 30,000 acres in Haryana’s Kaithal and Kurukshetra districts have been cultivated without resorting to crop burning. This initiative has brought significant advancements in managing crop residue while benefiting the environment and farming practices. The project led to a 9.35% increase in crop yields, showcasing its effectiveness in enhancing agricultural productivity. Additionally, over 900 farmers adopted short-duration paddy varieties, which not only boosted yields but also enabled multiple cropping cycles within a year. By promoting sustainable farming techniques, the project has paved the way for improved agricultural outcomes and a more environmentally friendly approach to cultivation in these regions.

Success stories: Farmers leading the change in crop residue management

Conclusion: A call for sustainable crop residue management

The inspiring stories of farmers like Karam Singh and Mandeep showcase the transformative impact of adopting sustainable crop residue management practices. These methods not only improve soil health and crop yields but also significantly reduce air pollution. The S M Sehgal Foundation’s initiatives provide a replicable framework for driving widespread change. Stakeholders must come together to support and implement such eco-friendly practices, paving the way for a sustainable future in agriculture. Together, we can ensure that farming flourishes while protecting our environment.

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To forget how to dig the earth and to tend the soil is to forget ourselves.”
~ Mahatma Gandhi

Since more than 90 percent of the food grown for human consumption is produced on soil, the ecosystem of food production on the planet depends on soil fertility to a great extent. The quality of soil used for the production of food for people and animals is often neglected as the world turns toward large-scale agriculture.

With the exponential growth in world population that is estimated to expand to a whopping 9 billion by 2050, the demand for agri-produce will always be on the increase. With agricultural land in short supply, growing enough food will require a substantial increase in yields using sustainable means. Thus, we must look at the concept of “soil fertility” as an essential cog in the food cycle wheel.

“Soil health” can be defined as “The state of the soil being in sound physical, chemical, and biological condition, having the capability to sustain the growth and development of land plants.” ~ John Idowu, et al.

Another definition of soil health is “the capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, within ecosystem and land-use boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and promote plant and animal health.” ~ Doran and Zeiss, 2000.

Debunking myths

Fallacious thinking or understanding about the way forward for increased food production has been led by large-scale agriculture, large farms, and conventional farming methods.

Large-scale agriculture

A U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) report estimates that small family farms produce more than three-fourths of the world’s food and these farms are less than 2.5 acres each. Nine out of ten of the world’s 570 million farms are managed by families. The answer to sustainable food security and eradicating hunger lies with these farmers/ farms that help in agricultural transformation.

Large farms

Studies show that while mechanization at farms results in better efficiency, they tend to lose out on agrochemicals and diversity. Smaller and diversified farms yield almost double the food per acre than the larger ones.

Conventional farming methods

Studies have shown that farms that concentrate on building soil health yielded only less than 10 percent than conventional farms. The gap was insignificant. Sustainable agriculture dependent on maintaining soil health would help tackle the issue of growth in food demand.

The way forward

The way forward from the looming food crisis, where we can provide our booming world population with healthy food, is to look at a sustainable soil ecosystem. Soil fertility management is the foundation of the food cycle and has a direct impact on food quality and quantity. Fertile soils have the regenerative capacity to support food-growing plants through nutrients, adequate hydration, and oxygen and root support. The concept gaining ground is “regenerative agriculture.” The technique looks at a rehabilitative approach to farming with emphasis on soil health as well as water management and optimum use of agrichemicals.

Some important techniques being adopted toward this:

Conservation tillage. A tillage and planting system that covers 30 percent or more of the soil surface with crop residue, after planting, reduces soil erosion by water. Normal ploughing and tilling result in soil erosion, compact soil, and degradation of useful soil microbes. Adoption of conservation tillage minimizes physical loosening of the soil and increases soil organic matter, thereby leading to a holistic ecosystem for plants to thrive, and a reduction in carbon footprint.

Crop diversity. An increase in crop diversity leads to a healthier dissemination of nutrients in the soil through essential microbes that feed on the roots. A diverse planting system leads to a varied nutrient-rich soil, helping in better yields. Crop diversity is also known to suppress weeds and pests, stabilize yields, and increase pollinators.

Cover crops and crop rotation. After cash crop harvesting, the soil lies bare, erodes, and the nutrients necessary for successful plant growth dry out or wash away. Planting similar species on the farm could lead to an imbalance in nutrients. Crop rotation and cover crops can help infuse soils with diverse organic matter. The benefits are immense and the reduced erosion control, reduced compaction, higher water infiltration, better soil diversity, weed and pest suppression, and carbon sequestration lead to improved air, soil, and water quality. Each crop species has its own niche and attributes and needs to be deployed strategically depending on the season, farm, and soil specifics.

Inorganic fertilizer overuse, a hidden danger. Certain fertilizer nutrients in India are used indiscriminately because of price differentials despite the fact that they are not suited to the soil ecology or septic crops. Imbalanced use of nutrients can upset the delicate balance of soil health. Abuse of inorganic fertilizers can be detrimental to soil health and lead to a disruption of organic matter and delicate plant roots. It can also percolate into the water table and cause cultural eutrophication, disrupting the ecological cycle. Proper education through agricultural extension is necessary to educate farmers about this important yet neglected area.

Leading the way

Being an NGO specializing in rural development, S M Sehgal Foundation has partnered with Mosaic India Private Limited to support farmers in Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh through Krishi Jyoti.

The effort of introducing small-scale farmers to modern agricultural techniques has helped them improve their crop yields and gain greater financial benefits from farming. The first broad area to achieve this was agricultural development work on enhancing soil health, providing agricultural inputs, and giving expert advice to farmers. Farmers were provided with quality seeds, fertilizers, and macro and micronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, etc.

Water management being the core of the project, involved farmers’ training in water conservation, building infrastructure, and encouraging water-efficient irrigation techniques. Building check dams and encouraging the use of drip irrigation facilities helped farmers to a large extent.

The change has been made possible through the agricultural extension and outreach programs of S M Sehgal Foundation and Mosaic India Pvt. Ltd. and has had a positive impact on the marginal farmer community grappling with perennial issues of soil erosion, contamination of the water table, and dwindling farm income.

Watch this video to learn more about the Krishi Jyoti project.

Conclusion

Soil health management plays a major role in agricultural production, especially in arid climates as in North India. With the emphasis on higher food grain production, it is now time to recognize that soil health cannot be ignored. With the climate getting unpredictable, healthy and resilient soil methods should be propagated to manage variations. Though soil health management has some way to go, particularly in a country like India, it is a viable and sustainable alternative to the present conventional, large-scale agriculture. A regenerative approach offers profitable and nature-friendly economic models for farmers and alternative ways to increase yield that are not at the expense of sustainability. Policymakers should be looking at the negative impacts of commercial farming, something that will offer a larger vision for transforming agriculture. Surely this is the way for agricultural transformation and to fulfill the food demands of the world.

The post Can enhancing soil fertility for agricultural transformation and feed the world? appeared first on S M Sehgal Foundation.

Introduction

Women in rural India face various forms of disempowerment due to cultural, social, economic, and systemic challenges. These issues are deeply rooted in traditional norms and structural inequalities that limit their opportunities and reinforce their marginalization. Cultural norms, limited access to education, and lack of awareness about their rights often keep these women out of decision-making processes. Despite these barriers, empowering women to take active roles in local institutions such as gram sabhas, gram panchayats, and school management committees can unlock transformative change for them as individuals and also for the entire rural community.

“Women’s rights are not a privilege but a fundamental aspect of human rights.”
—Savitribai Phule

S M Sehgal Foundation has taken a significant step toward realizing this vision through a Women’s Leadership School (WLS) model. This initiative bridges information gaps, polishes leadership skills, and equips women with the tools they need to become active contributors to local development.

The need for women in rural India to participate in local institutions

Active participation of women in local institutions such as gram sabhas, gram panchayats, and school management committees is vital for holistic rural development. As primary caregivers, women have a deep understanding of community issues like education, healthcare, water, and infrastructure. Their involvement ensures these concerns are addressed, resulting in policies and programs that meet the needs of families and communities.

Including women in decision-making promotes gender equality, challenges traditional norms, and empowers other women and girls to step forward. This creates a ripple effect that strengthens entire communities. Women leaders also serve as bridges between governance and local communities, creating transparency, accountability, and effective implementation of development initiatives.

Studies show that gender-diverse decision-making bodies prioritize health, education, and social welfare, which drive sustainable and inclusive growth. Empowering women in rural institutions, not only gives women a voice but also paves the way for stronger, more inclusive communities. Women’s active participation is essential for the progress and development of rural areas.

Women Leadership School (WLS) initiative for the empowerment of women in rural India

The Women’s Leadership School (WLS) model by S M Sehgal Foundation is a pivotal program designed to empower rural women to actively participate in local governance and community development. Under the Empowering Women in Local Development initiative, S M Sehgal Foundation collaborated with Crossing Borders in January 2021 for the implementation of the Women’s Leadership School (WLS) model. This is being implemented in twenty villages of Muzaffarpur, Bihar, to enhance women’s leadership at the grassroots level. This initiative emphasizes capacity building and collective action in year-long training sessions that equip women leaders with practical knowledge and skills to drive change in their communities.

The WLS model employs a “learn by doing” methodology, using participatory tools such as Snakes and Ladders and Ludo to make learning engaging and impactful. These tools help educate women on essential aspects of decision-making and leadership, making the training process accessible and relatable. The program involves monthly sessions, bringing together 25–30 women leaders from diverse roles, including elected representatives, members of self-help groups (SHGs), and frontline health workers such as ASHA and anganwadi workers.

The training focuses on three critical areas: confidence building to empower women to voice their concerns effectively, gender equality awareness to challenge and change societal norms, and active participation in local institutions, including community monitoring of government programs. By addressing these areas, the WLS initiative ensures that women are well-equipped to assume leadership roles and their voices are heard in decision-making processes that shape village development. Through this innovative approach, the WLS model creates a robust foundation for empowering women to become catalysts for positive change in rural communities.

Leadership story of a woman in rural India: Abha Kumari

In Narayanpur, Muzaffarpur district in Bihar, Abha Kumari’s journey epitomizes the transformative power of the Women Leadership School initiative. Abha and her husband, Ashok Kumar, run a small grocery store in their village. Before joining WLS, Abha’s identity was often overshadowed by her husband, reflecting the traditional gender roles prevalent in rural India. In 2021, Abha joined the WLS program and began her transformation. The training sessions equipped her with practical skills, confidence, and knowledge about governance. For the first time, she participated in gram sabha meetings and realized the importance of advocating for her community’s needs. Abha says, “Earlier, women never came out of their houses to participate. The discussions and conversations were limited to small gatherings in the neighborhood. Our husbands’ views echoed the limitations society placed on women, which held us back. Now we have started to take charge of our families, work, and identities. Things are changing, and the men have begun coming forward to support us. Earlier, I used to be addressed as the ‘wife of Ashok,’ but now I am called ‘Abha, who runs the grocery shop.’ Being acknowledged by society and in the family as individuals encourages and inspires us to improve the environment and circumstances surrounding us.” Abha is now a recognized leader in her village. She motivates other women to speak up, address pressing issues, and actively engage in village meetings. Her newfound confidence has changed not only her life but also the way women’s roles are perceived in Narayanpur.

The WLS model enabled her to challenge stereotypes and emerge as an agent of change, proving that empowering one woman can inspire an entire community.

Click on this video to hear Abha Kumari share her inspiring journey of leadership and community transformation in her own words.

The lasting impact of empowered women leaders in rural development

Empowering women in rural India creates profound ripple effects that extend beyond individuals to transform entire communities. The Women’s Leadership School (WLS) initiative has demonstrated that when women leaders are empowered, they catalyze development and create a culture of progress and inclusion.

Through their active participation in local institutions, women leaders ensure that development projects are aligned with the genuine needs of their communities. Their collective action amplifies their ability to demand accountability from local authorities, promoting governance that is transparent and inclusive. This collaborative approach ensures that community voices are heard and considered in decision-making processes, leading to meaningful and sustainable outcomes.

The presence of women in leadership roles inspires future generations by creating a culture of inclusion and possibility. As young girls witness women breaking traditional barriers, they are encouraged to dream bigger and aspire to leadership themselves. This generational impact not only sustains progress but also nurtures future leaders who will continue to advocate for equality and development in their communities. Through initiatives like WLS, the groundwork is laid for lasting, transformative change.

Conclusion

The Women’s Leadership Schools have become a beacon of hope and empowerment for women in rural India, enabling them to step into leadership roles and make meaningful contributions to their communities. Through this platform, women like Abha and her fellow trainees are not just challenging traditional gender roles but are also shaping the future of their villages. Each step they take, no matter how small, is a stride toward breaking barriers, uplifting their communities, and inspiring others to follow. These women are proving that true empowerment comes from within—and together, they’re creating change that will resonate for generations to come.

The post Empowering Women in Rural India: Transforming Rural Development Through Local Institutions appeared first on S M Sehgal Foundation.

Introduction

The “Bolstering Farmer Producers Organizations” project, supported by the Walmart Foundation and implemented by S M Sehgal Foundation in Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh, is reshaping the agricultural landscape for small and marginal farmers. The project is empowering Farmer Producers Organizations (FPOs) through focused training programs on sustainable agricultural practices and soil health management. The initiative helps farmers increase crop yields, reduce input costs, and strengthen their resilience against climate challenges. This not only drives long-term agricultural growth but also promotes community-level sustainability.

This blog explores how the project is empowering farmers—particularly women—by tackling the challenge of expensive and inconsistent livestock feed. With the establishment of a sustainable mini mill in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, the initiative is creating transformative change in the agricultural community.

Sangam Samridhi FPO: Transforming livelihoods through quality livestock feed

A Farmer Producers Organization (FPO) represents a collective of farmers united to improve agricultural practices, optimize resource access, and strengthen their bargaining position in the market. Through collaboration, FPOs enable farmers to lower input costs, enhance productivity, and elevate their overall quality of life.

In 2023, Sangam Samridhi FPO was selected to address the issue of expensive and inconsistent access to high-quality livestock feed by setting up a mini mill. With a membership of 1,000 farmers, including 300 women, Sangam Samridhi faced a major obstacle: the high cost and unreliable access to quality livestock feed. But with the support of Walmart for the “Bolstering Farmer Producers Organizations” project, the FPO has taken a significant step in providing affordable, locally produced, and high-quality livestock feed. This initiative not only boosts agricultural productivity but also improves the economic stability of its members and their communities.

Establishing a mini mill for high-quality livestock feed

Recognizing the critical role of animal husbandry in the rural economy, the FPO took a pivotal step by establishing a mini animal feed mill. The facility was set up on leased land in a warehouse located outside the village of Bhelkha. Sangam Samridhi contributed 10 percent of the setup cost, while the remaining expenses were covered by the project. The selection of machinery for the mill followed thorough market research into available technologies and suppliers. Feed pricing was determined through a comprehensive financial analysis, and local suppliers were identified for procuring essential raw materials—such as wheat, rice bran, mustard cake, and salt—to ensure the feed remained both affordable and high-quality.

Training and capacity building: Supporting sustainable livestock feed operations

To assure the long-term success of the livestock feed mill, the project placed a strong emphasis on specialized capacity-building programs for Sangam Samridhi FPO members. These programs equipped them with the necessary skills to independently manage the mill’s operations, from overseeing daily processes to ensuring the quality of the feed produced.

The project was instrumental in offering ongoing technical expertise and guidance, enabling FPO members to properly maintain the mill’s machinery, adhere to best practices, and uphold consistent quality standards. This continuous support ensures the mill operates efficiently and remains aligned with industry benchmarks.

In addition, the project emphasized the importance of cultivating local knowledge and expertise within the community. Building to this capacity, the FPO has not only sustained the mill’s operations but also developed a self-reliant business model that benefits the broader community. This approach contributes significantly to the long-term sustainability and economic well-being of the farmers.

Financial model: Profitability and reinvestment in livestock feed production growth

The financial model of the Sangam Samridhi FPO’s mini mill for livestock feed reflects a careful balance between quality and affordability. Each quintal (100 kg) of animal feed costs INR 2,449 to produce, and it is sold at INR 2,500, yielding a modest profit margin of INR 51 per quintal. While the price may be slightly higher than the market rate, the superior quality of the locally produced feed makes it a worthwhile investment for farmers, contributing to better livestock health and enhanced productivity.

At present, the FPO produces the feed on a pre-order basis, and they have successfully produced 10 quintals (1,000 kg), generating INR 25,000 in sales. This profit is strategically reinvested into the FPO infrastructure, including further training programs, procurement of raw materials, and continuous improvements to the feed production process. These reinvestments are vital in supporting the long-term growth of the FPO and in strengthening the livelihoods of its farmer members.

The project team remains actively involved in monitoring the mill’s progress, conducting regular assessments to gauge the impact of the feed on livestock health and productivity. This ongoing evaluation ensures that adjustments can be made when necessary, including refining training programs and production techniques, to ensure the initiative’s continued success and growth.

Impact on women farmers: Empowering the backbone of rural agriculture

In the rural landscapes of Uttar Pradesh, women farmers often face significant challenges, from limited access to resources to the undervaluation of their contributions. However, the “Bolstering Farmer Producers Organizations” project has made strides in improving these conditions, especially for women farmers.

Within the Sangam Samridhi FPO, 300 women have actively engaged in the mini mill project, which has transformed their livelihoods. For many, the establishment of this feed mill has provided a much-needed avenue to not only support their households but also gain financial independence and security. Women are often the primary caretakers of livestock in rural areas, and the availability of affordable, high-quality livestock feed has alleviated some of their financial burdens, allowing them to focus more on their farming activities rather than worrying about feed costs.

The project has also facilitated women’s participation in the management and operations of the feed mill. Through capacity-building training programs, these women have learned vital skills in feed production, machinery maintenance, and financial management. This hands-on involvement in the mini mill’s day-to-day operations has empowered them with technical expertise and boosted their confidence, allowing them to become key decision-makers within the FPO.

For many women, this initiative has not only improved their economic situation but also enhanced their social standing within the community. The success of women in running the mini mill has led to greater recognition of their roles in agriculture, further challenging traditional gender norms and encouraging other women to pursue opportunities in farming and business.

The project has truly become a catalyst for change, improving not only the productivity and economic well-being of women farmers and created an environment of equality and empowerment in rural agriculture. As these women continue to strengthen their skills and influence, they are paving the way for a more inclusive and sustainable agricultural future.

Marketing and Expanding Reach: Building a Brand for Livestock Feed and Growing the Market

Marketing the newly produced livestock feed presented a unique challenge for the Sangam Samridhi FPO, which needed to create awareness about the quality and benefits of their product while also building trust within the community. To address this, the project team worked closely with the FPO to develop a strong brand identity and enhance its promotional capacities. The feed was branded as “Sangam Samridhi Santulit Pashu Aahar” to emphasize its balanced and nutritious composition, carefully formulated to meet the dietary needs of cattle.

The branding initiative highlighted the feed’s superior quality and its positive impact on livestock health, making it an attractive choice for farmers. To further expand its market reach, the FPO began forging partnerships with other FPOs and individual farmers, creating a broader network for distribution. These collaborations helped increase awareness and access to the product, contributing to a growing customer base and expanding the feed’s availability across the region.

With a clear and focused marketing strategy, the Sangam Samridhi FPO is not only promoting the benefits of its livestock feed but also building a lasting presence in the market, enhancing its capacity to serve the needs of farmers and contribute to sustainable agricultural growth.

Final thoughts

The “Bolstering Farmer Producers Organizations” project has significantly transformed the lives of farmers in Uttar Pradesh, particularly women, by addressing the challenges of expensive and unreliable livestock feed. Through the establishment of the Sangam Samridhi FPO’s mini mill, farmers now have access to high-quality, affordable feed that contributes to better livestock health, increased milk production, and improved overall agricultural productivity. With continuous capacity building, a sound financial model, and strategic marketing efforts, the project ensures long-term sustainability, empowering farmers to reinvest in their businesses and enhance their livelihoods. As a result, this initiative is not only strengthening the local agricultural economy but also creating a sense of community-driven development that will continue to thrive for generations to come.

To learn more about the Bolstering Farmer Producer Organizations in Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka click on this video and witness how sustainable practices and innovative solutions are transforming rural farming communities.

The post Empowering Farmers through Mini Mill for Improved Livestock Feed appeared first on S M Sehgal Foundation.